Castles of "Belarus" KOBRYN CASTLES vs KOPYS

Kobryn castles were a complex of wooden defense and administrative structures that existed in the city of Kobryn in the 16th–18th centuries. Presumably, the first Kobryn castle (detinets) was founded in the 11th century by the heirs of the Kiev prince Izyaslav on the island at the confluence of the Kobrinka and Mukhavets rivers. The remaining earth embankments were dismantled in the 1880s when laying the Moscow–Warsaw chaussee. The appearance of castles and their equipment can be established basing on their 16th century inventories. The fortifications consisted of the Lower Castle ("hillock") Castle and the Upper (High) Castle. The entrance to the Lower Castle was blocked by Kobrinka River. A bridge was built across the river, the last span of which was lifting. On both sides the bridge ended with gate towers. The Lower Castle was protected by 5 towers, gorodnyas and a parkan. In one of the towers there was a mill. The Upper Castle was separated from the Lower by a moat. The bridge over the moat rested against the tower-gate of the Upper Castle. The last span of the bridge was also lifted. In the Upper Castle there were also 5 towers (with gates), gorodnyas and parkan. On them there were platforms with eaves covered with shingles. All the towers were covered with shingles.

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Kopys (Belarusian: Копысь, Belarusian pronunciation: [ˈkopɨsʲ], Russian: Копысь, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkopɨsʲ], Polish: Kopyś, Yiddish: קאָפּוסט‎ Kopust) is an urban-type settlement in the Orsha Raion, Vitebsk Region, Belarus. First references are dated by 1059. From the 14th century, it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently the Polish–Lithuanian Union after the Union of Krewo (1385). Administratively, it was part of the Vitebsk Voivodeship. It was granted town rights in the 16th century. It was a private town owned by the Ostrogski family and, after 1594, the Radziwiłł family.[1] A castle stood in the town of Kopys and a Calvinist church was founded by Krzysztof Mikołaj Radziwiłł.[1] During the Great Northern War, in 1707, Kopys was destroyed by Russian troops. In 1772, it became a part of the Russian Empire in the course of the First Partition of Poland. The Kapust Hasidic dynasty originates in Kopys. By the end of the 18th century, there was a Jewish typography in Kopys.

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