Plant-based or Paleolithic-Diet?

A plant-based diet or a plant-rich diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods.[1][2][3][4] Plant-based foods are foods derived from plants (including vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and fruits) with no animal-source foods. While a plant-based diet avoids or has limited animal products,[5] it is not necessarily vegan.[3] The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics states that well-planned plant-based diets support health and are appropriate throughout all life stages, including pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and adulthood, as well as for athletes.[6] The use of the phrase "plant-based diet" has changed over time and examples can be found of the phrase being used to refer to vegan diets (which only include plant-based food, none from animal sources), and vegetarian diets, which may include dairy or eggs but no meat,[7] as well as diets that include limited amounts of animal-based foods, such as semi-vegetarian diets.[3]

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The Paleolithic diet, Paleo diet, caveman diet, or stone-age diet is a modern fad diet consisting of foods thought by its proponents to mirror those eaten during the Paleolithic era.[1] There are different variants of the diet; some are predominantly plant-based but the most recent popular variants focus on animal products.[2] The diet avoids processed food and typically includes vegetables, fruits, nuts, roots, and meat and excludes dairy products, grains, sugar, legumes, processed oils, salt, alcohol, and coffee.[3] The ideas behind the diet can be traced to primitive diets advocated in 19th century. In the 1970s Walter L. Voegtlin popularized a meat-centric "Stone Age" diet, and in the 21st century, the Paleo Diet was popularized in the best-selling books of Loren Cordain.[4] As of 2019 the paleo diet industry was worth approximately US$500 million. In the 21st century, the sequencing of the human genome and DNA analysis of the remains of early humans has found evidence that humans evolved rapidly in response to changing diet. This evidence undermines a core premise of the paleolithic diet, that human digestion has remained essentially unchanged over time.[5] Anthropological science has found that the paleolithic human diet was more varied and less meat-centric than had been assumed. The paleolithic diet is promoted as a way of improving health.[6] There is some evidence that following it may lead to improvements in body composition and metabolism compared with the typical Western diet[7] or compared with diets recommended by some European nutritional guidelines.[8] On the other hand, following the diet can lead to nutritional deficiencies such as an inadequate calcium intake, and side effects can include weakness, diarrhea, and headaches

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